====== 临床医生报告结局（Clinician-Reported Outcome, ClinRO） ======

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　　**临床医生报告结局（Clinician-Reported Outcome, ClinRO）**：A type of clinical outcome assessment. A measurement based on a report that comes from a trained health-care professional after observation of a patient’s health condition. (([[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK338448/def-item/glossary.clinicianreported-outcome|www.NCBI.nlm.nih.gov]]))

　　Most ClinRO measures involve a clinical judgment or interpretation of the observable signs, behaviors, or other manifestations related to a disease or condition. ClinRO measures cannot directly assess symptoms that are known only to the patient. 

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===== ClinRO measures include: =====

　　**Reports of particular clinical findings** (e.g., presence of a skin lesion or swollen lymph nodes)** or clinical events** (stroke, heart attack, death, hospitalization for a particular cause), which can be based on clinical observations together with biomarker data, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) results supporting a myocardial infarction

　　**Rating scales**, such as:
  * Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) for measurement of severity and extent of a patient’s psoriasis
  * Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) for assessment of depression

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